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Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague〔(Faculty of Arts Today ) Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, 2004. Retrieved 2009-12-03〕 is a traditional centre of Czech scholarship. The Faculty provides lectures in the greatest number of fields of the humanities in the Czech Republic and is the only faculty in Europe at which all the languages spoken in the Member States of the European Union can be studied (in various forms). Thanks to its seven hundred leading teachers and scientific workers, this Faculty is the most important Czech educational institution oriented towards the humanities, which constantly presents new and innovative ideas and is thus a continuation of its centuries-old tradition. ==History== The Faculty of Arts of the Charles University in Prague was established as a Faculty of Liberal Arts within the University on the basis of the founding document by the Emperor Charles IV of April 7, 1348. The emperor thus attempted to make the Kingdom of Bohemia the permanent centre of the Holy Roman Empire and placed great emphasis on the scholarship of the Prague metropolis, wishing to concentrate domestic and foreign scholars there. The University, of which this Faculty was an integral part from its very beginning, represented cultural advancement and substantial social progress in society; at that time, students first attended the Faculty of Liberal Arts to receive education primarily in rhetorics and philosophy. In 1366, Emperor Charles IV endowed the Masters of Liberal Arts with the first Prague college – the Collegium Carolinum. The Faculty of Liberal Arts shaped the profile of the entire spectrum of advanced education, because most scholars at that time completed their study by studying at this Faculty, or it was crucial in determining the level of theoretical knowledge of students entering other faculties of the University. In Pre-Hussite times, the Faculty of Liberal Arts educated two thirds of all the students at the University and the extent of its influence was certainly the greatest. The privileges of the Faculty included the right to award Master’s or Doctoral titles, which authorized their bearers to teach at any university in Europe. Following the Hussite wars, the Faculty of Liberal Arts became the nucleus of the University for two centuries. From the 17th century, the Faculty was known as the Faculty of Arts and, until the middle of the 19th century, fulfilled the role of a faculty whose program provided preparatory higher education for future students of other faculties, so that everyone had to pass through it. Consequently, its life and influence continued to have a substantial effect on the creation of the traditions of the University and of Czech scholarship. From the 18th century, it was possible to study at the faculty (in addition to philosophy) aesthetic theory, pedagogy, mathematics, astronomy, natural sciences, engineering sciences, economy and history. These were followed in the 19th century by oriental studies, archaeology and religion, and philology - linguistic studies of languages such as the Czech language, Italian, French, English and Hebrew began to develop substantially. Following the liberalization of teaching in the second half of the 19th century, women were allowed to study at the faculty since 1897. The important influence and formative character of the Faculty survived the division of the University into Czech and German parts in 1882 and the separation of the Faculty of Natural Sciences between 1920-1939. In 1939, the school was closed by the occupying forces of the Nazi Germany, brutal persecution of teachers and students followed. Following the end of the occupation oc Czechoslovakia in 1945, the Faculty of Arts flourished again for a few years; this was forcibly terminated in 1948 by the onset of the Communist coup. The prestige of the faculty rapidly decreased as a result of forced departure of dozens of excellent teachers and the introduction of Marxist-Leninist studies. In the 1960', the Faculty slowly began to open to prominent thinkers of the time, but all expectations were destroyed by the Soviet occupation in 1968, against which a student of the Faculty, Jan Palach, protested by setting himself on fire. Only after the end of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia and the departure of its compromised representatives in 1989 was the Faculty newly established as one of the most prestigious university institutions of the Czech Republic. Thanks to its almost seven-hundred-year-old tradition, successful scientific and pedagogical activities and breadth of fields of study, the Faculty of Arts of the Charles University is an undoubted authority in Czech society and has an excellent reputation internationally. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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